![]() Microalgal polysaccharides were variable in sugar composition, but most had high proportions of glucose (21–87%). All species had similar amino acid composition, and were rich in the essential amino acids. We have studied the biochemical composition of about 40 species of microalgae from seven algal classes to define those that may be best adapted to the Australian conditions.Microalgae varied in their proportions of protein (6–52%), carbohydrate (5–23%) and lipid (7–23%). In order to be nutritionally sufficient, microalgae must supply a balanced mixture of nutrients. Microalgae are used in mariculture as live feeds for all growth stages of molluscs, for the larval stages of crustaceans and some fish species, and for Zooplankton used in mariculture food chains. tricornutum likely play a role in glycolysis and cytoskeleton function and seem to have originated from the stramenopile host cell and from diatom-specific bacterial gene transfer, respectively. The two pyrenoid-associated FBAs are distinguished by contrasting gene expression profiles under nutrient limiting compared with optimal CO2 fixation conditions, suggestive of a distinct specialized function for each. Plastid FBA I and chromalveolate-specific class II plastid FBA are localized in the pyrenoid region of the chloroplast where they are associated with β-carbonic anhydrase, which is known to play a significant role in regulation of the diatom carbon concentrating mechanism. The other copy appears to be the result of a chromalveolate-specific gene duplication. Class I plastid FBA appears to have been acquired by chromalveolates from a red algal endosymbiont, whereas one copy of class II plastid FBA is likely to have originated from an ancient green algal endosymbiont. tricornutum FBAs, one class I and two class II, are plastid localized, and each appears to have a distinct evolutionary origin as well as function. Protein localization and activity, gene expression, and phylogenetic analyses indicate that the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum contains five FBA genes with very little overall functional overlap. As a single group of functionally related enzymes spanning two distinct gene families, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolases (FBAs) illustrate the influence on core biochemical pathways of specific evolutionary associations among diatoms and other chromalveolates with various plastid-bearing and bacterial endosymbionts. ![]() Therefore, analyses of gene content and derivation in chromalveolate taxa have indicated particularly diverse origins of their overall gene repertoire. There is also strong evidence for a relatively high level of lineage-specific bacterial gene acquisition within chromalveolates. Evolutionarily, chlorophyll-c algae are linked through common, although not necessarily monophyletic, acquisition of plastid endosymbionts of red as well as most likely green algal origin. See the full list of consular fees in Spain.Diatoms and other chlorophyll-c containing, or chromalveolate, algae are among the most productive and diverse phytoplankton in the ocean. See the full list of notarial and documentary services we provide. Other consular services Notarial and documentary services If you are dealing with the death of a child, multiple deaths, a suspicious death or a case of murder or manslaughter, or have read the guide and feel you need more support, call +34. Read this guide for what to do if a British person dies in Spain to help you through the practical arrangements you need to follow after a death in Spain. If you’re abroad and your passport has been lost or stolen, damaged or expired, and you cannot get a new or replacement passport in time to travel, apply online for an emergency travel document If a British person has died in Spain If you’re in the UK and worried about a British person in Spain, call 020 7008 5000 (24/7, 365 days a year). ![]() If you’re in Spain and you need urgent help (for example, you’ve been attacked or arrested), call +34. If you’re in Madrid, northern or central Spain and you need advice which is not covered by reading our travel advice then you can contact us online. See also our coronavirus travel advice for all our latest guidance on travel during coronavirus. If you’re travelling in Spain, see our Spain Travel Advice about coronavirus (COVID-19).
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